I wrote up sections 2, 3 & 4, so I wanted to post them.
2.0 Purposes of Dance Most dances have at least one purpose and some have multiple purposes depending on the situation. Professional dancers can be utilized in a number of ways to obtain these purposes and even the novice dancer can attempt to achieve the goals of the dance.
2.1 Religious Religious dancing uses movement and expression to pay tribute to a god or goddess. This includes the prayer and worship of a god, the celebration of a god at a festival or ceremony, the request of a god’s aid, and even the defiance of a god. Religious dances can be large group events or can be performed alone by the dancer in a very personal way. Some religious dances can only be performed after a certain level of devotion to the god or goddess and are highly frowned upon or do not achieve the desired effect if performed by someone who doesn’t meet this. Examples of religious dances include: raindancing for the goddess Makutsi, tribal war dancing for the goddess Myri, and the insanity trance for both Rhysol and The Voice.
2.2 Tribal / Community Tribal and community dances bring communities together with a common theme or purpose. Some community dances simply celebrate a special day or event. Other tribal dances might bring people together to prepare for war. These dances typically have a long history within the culture or community and are repeated every year or whenever this event occurs. They tend to be large group dances that are easy to learn or improvise to. Communities that rely heavily on working together as a community tend to have more tribal dances embedded in their culture. Professional dancers are sometimes hired to lead these dances. Examples of tribal/community dances include: the tribal war dance of the Myrians, the tribal dances of the Chaktawe, and the Charoda mating dance that occurs at the Ae’loru.
2.3 Storytelling Dance has been repeatedly used to convey stories. Such stories can include mythical legends of the gods and goddesses to simple man-made stories with the purpose expressing them through dance. For cultures that do not use writing as much and rely on oral traditions, dance can be used to pass down important stories to new generations. When attempting to convey a story, dancers often use vivid facial expressions and body language to express ideas and emotions. Examples of dances that tell stories include: the Charoda underwater sea ballet and the Akvatari ballet.
2.4 Entertainment Many dances provide a source of entertainment for the audience, the performers or both. Dances that tell a story often are used for entertainment as well, but dances don’t need to tell a story to provide entertainment. Professional dancers usually perform with the purpose of entertaining the audience. Some dances primarily focus on the entertainment of the dancers themselves. These often include celebratory dances and social dances in which people are encouraged to mix and dance with different people. Examples of Mizahar dances that provide entertainment include: the Charoda and Akvatari ballets, Svefra ditties, and Syliras country dancing.
2.5 Seduction Seductive dance can be very enticing for the viewers. Although it can be performed for large audiences, seductive dancing is usually more effective for smaller groups where the dancer can interact with the audience on a more personal level. Seductive dancing is often used by prostitutes and harlots to increase their desirability, however, it can also be used purely as a source of entertainment with no intention to pursue sexual activities after the dance. Seductive dances tend to use their body more fully by including their hips, pelvis, rear, chest, and eyes in the performance. Some skill in seduction is required to perform these dances effectively. A dancer who is not trained in seduction can still learn and perform the moves but the seductive quality of the dance is greatly lessened. Examples of seductive dances include: the concubine dances of Ahnatep, the brothel dance of Sunberth, and various strip dances found throughout Mizahar.
2.6 Training Dancing can be used to train someone’s skill in other areas. For example, dances that involve martial arts or weapon routines can better someone’s technique and balance exhibiting these skills. Dances that focus on training almost always use an incorporated skill in the dance, but occasionally their goal is simply to improve balance and flexibility. Examples of training dances include: the Eypharian Semhu, the Inarta eagle weaving, the Drykas horse dancing, and various weapon routines from different cultures.
3.0 Choreography vs. Improvisational Dancing can be choreographed, improvised or a combination of the two. These different ways of dancing require different skills for the dancer both mentally and physically. It is rare for novice dancers to be able to both improvise and learn choreographies. Some cross-over may be achieved at the competent level but mostly this happens at expert or master level. Often specific dance styles are either choreographed or improvised but some might be flexible to both methods.
3.1 Choreography Dances that are choreographed are planned, practiced, and memorized by the dancers before the performance. First a song needs to be chosen and a choreography needs to be created including all the dance moves/movements and at which time these are conducted. If there are multiple people taking part in the dance then there may be specific moves done by certain individuals.
A dancer who primarily does choreographed dances must have very good memorization skills. If the dancer also creates the choreography then they must also be creative with the movements they choose and should be strong in the planning and organization of a dance (especially if it involves multiple people). Choreographed dances work well when the dancer knows the song beforehand and has time to practice and memorize a choreography. Choreographed dances often are more polished (at a given skill level) compared to improvised dances because of the planning and practice involved.
3.2 Improvisational Improvisational dances are made up on the spot and usually involve combining known moves in unique and interesting ways that fit the music. Occasionally completely new moves are invented on the spot as well but often the dancer has a repertoire of moves to draw upon. In addition to having a set of moves to draw upon, improvisational dancers often have one or two ‘fall back’ moves that they can do without thinking if their mind blanks out and they can’t come up with something interesting. This will buy them enough time to think of a move without staring blankly at the audience.
Improvisational dancers require an active spontaneous mind, a sense of musicality, and a minor amount of memorization. While improvisational dancers and potentially dance to any music they are much better at music that they recognize or that is at least culturally similar to the music they know. Novice dancers may be able to improvise to music of their home city but might get completely lost with the music of a foreign city. Sometimes novice dancers can still improvise to foreign music but it may look strange because their dance style does not reflect the music.
3.3 Combination Choreographed dancing and improvisational dancing can be combined once a dancer is competent but generally only experts and masters can combine the methods effectively. An example of such a combination would be a dance that is mostly choreographed but has certain time periods in which the dancer is free to improvise. An alternative example is an improvisational dancer that strings together long sets of preplanned moves (5-10) sporadically throughout the song.
4.0 Solo vs. Partner vs. Group All dances can be categorized by the number of dancers involved. Each of the three groupings require different strengths by the dancers involved and can be more effective depending on the situation.
4.1 Solo Solo dancing consists of only one dancer at a time. As such, it does not require any coordination between dancers. However, if there is an audience then the sole dancer must fulfill the purpose of the dance without assistance from any other dancers. This can be physically and mentally challenging if, for example, a single dancer needs to entertain an audience for several hours. In cases that require a long performance and solo dances are preferred, they will be performed by a series of solo dancers to obtain the required repertoire.
A solo dancer requires a strong stage presence and cannot afford to make noticeable mistakes when it comes to memorizing choreographies or improvising quickly and smoothly. The benefit of solo dancing is that as long as the dancer keeps moving, mistakes can sometimes go unnoticed by the audience, but if a dancer completely blanks out then there are no other dancers to follow to get back on track.
Solo dances have the benefit of only requiring one dancer, but often this dancer has to be quite skilled to make an impression. Solo dancing can also provide a more intimate mood when there is a smaller audience. For very large audiences, only dancers with expert or master level skills can effectively engage the audience during a solo dance.
4.2 Partner Partner dancing consists of two people, often of the opposite gender. It requires coordination between the two people in the form of pre-planned moves for choreographed dancing or a leader/follower relationship for improvisational dance. For choreographed dancing, two solo dancers could memorize the same set of moves and perform it so that they were both doing the same moves at the same time. Conversely, the two dancers could each have a different set of moves that work in harmony with one another but are uniquely different between the dancers. For an improvisational dance, there is often a leader/follower relationship that requires the leader to come up with the moves and communicate them to the follower in some manner. This communication can be in the form of physically moving the follower in spins for example or could be more of a visual cue. It is entirely possible for the leader and follower to switch roles but this requires a great deal of skill. More commonly, the follower might add something flashy that doesn’t distract the leader and then the leader can choose to work with it or not.
Partner dancers need to be skilled with coordinating the movement of their own body with someone else’s body. For more acrobatic dances this can involve lifts. Even when both dancers remain on the ground there is often a form of trust developed between them to complete the dance safely and successfully. For improvisational dance there is a certain degree of communication that happens silently to ensure both dancers are working together with their moves or movements.
Partner dances add the element of a second person. They can sometimes be more vibrant because there are two people instead of one and there are more moves and movements available to a partnership. Movements involving momentum, lifts, holds, and different levels can be achieved in a partner dance. Additionally, dialogue and interaction can be better represented in a partner dance for dances that tell a story. For personal enjoyment, partner dancing can be more exciting and more intimate compared to a solo dance.
4.3 Group Group dancing consists of three or more dancers. Dancers need to be able to coordinate with many other people but small mistakes are less likely to ruin the effectiveness of the group. Group dances can take on several forms including: circle dances, dances in which each dancer is doing the same set of moves, dances involving several partnerships, and dances in which each dancer does unique moves that contribute to the overall impression of the performance. The majority of group dancing is choreographed due to the complexity of organizing so many people in an artistic manner. However, certain tribal and community dances can still contain a lot of personal improvisation that changes in mood or theme with a given cue, for example, a change in the drum pattern.
Group dances usually require the most coordination between dancers depending on the complexity of the dance. For dances in which each member does the same set of moves there is much less need for coordination compared to a dance in which each member does a unique set of moves that blend and mix with the moves of other dancers. There can also be organizational challenges when moving large groups on and off stage.
Group dances can be invigorating due to the sheer number of dancers present and they can be very effective for large audiences. They do not work well for very small audiences because it can be overwhelming and potentially expensive to hire all the dancers. Group dancing can be a great way of bringing people together in communities, particularly if the dances are easy to learn or are repeated frequently enough for people of the community to learn the dance. Group dances can also entertain an audience for long periods of time because the dancers can go on and off stage and take breaks throughout the performance. |
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