Solo [The Sanctuary] Bee Diseased

Kavala learns first hand all about bee diseases.

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Built into the cliffs overlooking the Suvan Sea, Riverfall resides on the edge of grasslands of Cyphrus where the Bluevein River plunges off the plain and cascades down to the inland sea below. Home of the Akalak, Riverfall is a self-supporting city populated by devoted warriors. [Riverfall Codex]

[The Sanctuary] Bee Diseased

Postby Kavala on June 1st, 2013, 8:02 am

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Timestamp: Early Summer, 513 AV
Continued from: Bee Willing


As they rode in the wagon from The Sanctuary to the orchards surrounding Riverfall, Collin began is lecture for the day with the topic on hand – what Kavala had come to find wisdom from him about. “Honeybees, Kavala, like every other living thing, get attacked by disease, parasites and pests. You absolutely can’t keep bees and be naive to these diseases and pests and what they mean to your colonies. You must be able to make quick and accurate diagnosis on the problem and know what you need to do to keep the illness from spreading from colony to colony and how you can keep your entire apiary alive. Without the bees and I mean bees in good health, Riverfall will starve. All the fruit and nut trees we see around the city won’t get pollinated and neither will the wine. Its all interconnected, so we must take care of the bees, Kavala. Always.” Collin said, looking serious as he stared at the Konti.

“How do they all get the same diseases and pests? Do they get them from gathering in the same places or is there more too it?”
Kavala asked, wondering what the vector for disease spread was. Collin nodded, took a moment to steer the team of horses around a potlhole in the road, and answered.

“Namely disease gets spread because bees can be lazy creatures. A hive gets weak and the rest of the hives will come in and start robbing it. So one bee walks, eats, drinks, etc from where diseased bees have been. I don’t think they get it from the flowers they pollinate. I think they get it from the hives they rob which aren’t doing so well.”
He said, and Kavala nodded, having witnessed that bee behavior first hand.

“If only they knew how dangerous it was to rob weak hives. One day there will be a Konti with a Konti gift to bespeak bees and then we’ll drag her around to all the hives and make sure the queens know and pass the knowledge on to their children.” Kavala said, only half joking. Sometimes women of her race came in handy.

“Kavala, that’s another reason why it is very unwise to use equipment that has been used before. I brought you all new stuff when I sold you the core hives from before. Today I brought you all new stuff too. I would never give you used hives, because you don’t know what you are getting yourself into doing that. And while I have hundreds no thousands of hives, I have lots of diseases to show you. I’ve set some aside. But today we’re going to burn our gloves and be very careful when we get done here so you bring nothing back to your home and to your own bees after you’ve seen some of these things first hand.” Collin said, wincing as they rolled passed a particularly nasty bunch of holes in the mud road. One of these days the Kuvay’Nas would have to fix the road. That was all there was too it.

But Kavala had more questions, and didn’t let the bumpy ride bother her overly much. They should have brought riding horses, but she knew the wagon was necessary. Tied to the back of the wagon, so she could get home without Collin having to make a return trip, was a sturdy gelding wearing a yvas. Kavala was no fool and did not want to suffer another jarring ride back.

When they started passing orchards, Collin started paying attention to where they were. In a wide spot in the road, he pulled the wagon off the road, parked it in the grass along side, and helped Kavala down off the buckboard. They grabbed their veils and the cheap pair of throw-away gloves and set off inot the trees. Together they walked into the pistachio trees and came in short order upon a set of white hives marked with red X.

“The X means these hives must be destroyed. They have something called Foulbrood.” Collin said. “It kills young larva and immature bees just after the cells have been capped. So it happens in the cells as the bees are developing. At first glance, it looks like a scattering of open cells and many many dark cappings that are sunken and perforated. Lets have a look.”
He said, and uncapped the hive and pulled out a frame after relieving it of its inner and outer cover. The frame he held up had obvious brown cells throughout. The capped young were sunken and the smell coming off the frame was horrible. Kavala wrinkled her nose.

“Is that smell indicative too? I see how the dead larvae and pupae have turned light brown, then dark over here, and then look… they appear to be rotting to a scale at the bottom of the cell. Gods are those dead bees with their tongues sticking up?”
Kavala asked, peering in closer. Collin nodded.

“Yes they are. And once a hive gets this, there’s nothing you can do for it. If you kill all the adult bees and even scrape the hive down to bare wax, whatever that causes the disease is still there and any new bees you get in this space will get this same disease within one or two years.” He said. “All we can do is burn the equipment and start with new. And.. if you are still unsure, then check this out.” Collin bent down and picked up a twig form the ground. It was a long thin thing and one that had less of a tip than the width of a bee cell. He poked the cup with the stick and drew back, pulling the stick with him. A dead decaying larva came back with him, stringing out one or two inches on the stick before the mess broke off and splattered on the frame. “Foulbrood is one of the only diseases where that shows. The smell, the stringing of the guts, and the overall appearance of the hive is the same always. These bees will all die. As soon as this current generation of forger is gone, there will not be enough developed and hatching to save the colony. Burn it, burn the whole thing.” Collin said, looking sad. And with that they were headed back to the wagon and onto the next diseased hive.
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Last edited by Kavala on November 6th, 2013, 5:44 pm, edited 2 times in total.
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The Sanctuary The Sanctuary Forum Riverfall The Cytali
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Please Note:
  • This pc is maxed out in Animal Husbandry, Medicine, Observation, Rhetoric, and Socialization.
  • Kavala a Master Teacher. Students she is teaching in thread can earn more than the maxium 5 XP per thread.
  • This pc has a Konti Gift of Animal Empathy. She has a superpower from a Riverfall city event that allows animals of all sorts and Kelvics (in kelvic form) to speak clear understandable Common around her.
  • Kavala is a Konti but was raised in the Drykas culture so her accent is entirely Pavi though she can speak Common, Pavi, and Tukant well. She's only conversational in Kontinese.
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Kavala
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[The Sanctuary] Bee Diseased

Postby Kavala on November 4th, 2013, 11:46 am

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They climbed back onto the wagon and drove on. Collin tested her a bit with what she knew about disease control. “Well, so we need to burn that colony. I’ll need to do it tomorrow. Can I feed the honey from that colony to other bees to salvage it.. and if I’m burning, how should I actually go about it?” Collin asked.

Kavala looked thoughtful. “Well, I’d not feed the honey or anything from that infected hive to anyone else, even people. I’m not sure what kills the bees, but it might hurt people too through the consumption of honey. Its best to just wait for the crisis to be over and for the disease to be treated or run its course before utilizing honey from anything sick.” Kavala said. “And in regards to actually burning hives, I think I have an idea. I’d dig a large pit, about three feet down, and burn my hive stuff there. I’d burn brood, honey and pollen as well. Its sad to loose all those stores for the bees, but we can’t chance it spreading. Then I’d burn the hives in that pit. Once they were burned, I’d bury them, Collin. That way you are not taking any more chances, ever.” Kavala said.

“Very smart. That’s what I’ll do then. I hadn’t thought of burning them in a pit, but that makes a lot of sense.” He added, having felt burning them was just enough anyway. But like the Konti said, it was better to be safe than sorry.

“Are there any treatments or preventions of Foulbrood?”
Kavala asked.

Collin looked thoughtful. “It’s so contagious, virulent, and persistent, just not using used equipment helps out a great deal. Some beekeepers scrape all the propolis off equipment and think that helps, but I’m not convinced. If you have it, burn your bees. That’s all I know to do. Prevention is really the best medicine. Feed your bees if they need it so they aren’t robbing since they don’t have stores. If you make pollen patties for your bees and feed them 2:1 Sugar water in the fall and winter, it will cut down on them robbing other stores and moving diseases around.” Collin said, pulling up at another site. They parked the wagon once more and were out walking again.

“This next one is called Chalkbrood. It’s not really a ‘disease’ Kavala, but it’s a fungus that gets in the comb and kills the brood.”
They came to another hive marked with a black X and a few beekeepers notation marks. Collin didn’t slow down as he tapped on the hive and then took the lid off and inner cover, so Kavala could reach in and inspect. She pulled a frame out and frowned, noting a tiny section of white brood capped that was receded or sunken in the frame. She held it up to Collin, pointed it out, and he nodded.

“See how its only on the drone brood really and very few recently sealed worker larve? Well that’s chalkbrood. It’s a fungus that infects the cells and causes the infected brood to dry down to a mummified condition. The larva and juice in the cell turn chalk white while they are infected and black when they die. The coloration is caused by the fungus having a fruiting stage. We’re lucky with chalkbrood. It is rare that more than 5-10% of the brood is effected. The only way more brood get effected is if the temperatures drop and the moisture levels stay high causing the fungus to grow out of control. There is no cure for chalkbrood either, Kavala, but luckily the healthy bees can clean out the dead ones and prevent it from being too bad. But there are things you can do. Can you guess?” Collin asked.

Kavala thought hard and then offered a few suggestions. “Well, you said before that whenever a hive gets diseased, often the queen is responsible and that it means she sometimes isn’t too clean or has the best hygienic practices that she demands of her bees. This means I’d re-queen if I saw chilled brood. I’d also remove any dead bees from around the colony after the healthy ones have cleaned out the hive. If a comb got heavily infected, I’d replace it with a new frame just to help the bees get rid of the disease on their own. And I’d just overall make sure the hive is maybe tilted forward a bit to drain out water and perhaps the conditions are as least damp for them as I can get them.” Kavala said. Collin nodded, happy she was thinking.

“That’s right. I’d do all that easily myself as well if I saw severe chalkbrood. But I promise as long as you are doing right by your bees, you wont’ see a lot of this. I just marked this hive out to show some of my student beekeepers because it was a good example. And I’ll be moving the hive as well, putting it where it gets more sun because I want it to stay a bit drier knowing it has fungus issues in the past.” Collin said, nodding thoughtfully.

Instead of getting back on the wagon and moving to a new location, Collin took her deeper into the orchard where they walked along a creek for a bit and came out in a sunny clearing where again more hives were marked. These were marked in green paint with more beekeeper notations on the hives.

“This is sacbrood here. I have no idea what causes it, Kavala, but I know its less destructive and much less contagious than foulbrood. Also, we lack the smell.” He carefully opened the hive up and pulled up a frame he had marked in green paint as well. The Konti was able to see the patch of disease on the comb and study it thoughtfully as Collin spoke. “As you can see, the diseased larvae turn grey then black, sometimes even grayish brown. The outer two or three segments of the dead larvae often rise a little and become dark gray while the parts deeper in the sell are a whiter grey.” Kavala peered closer to look, and sure enough she could see the changes and the segway to each of the infected sells. It looked a lot like foulbrood, but the smell and scope was gone.

“The skin of the larvae, as you can see, gets really tough while the insides become watery and granular. Dead larvae can be removed whole with a stick…. “ Collin said, bending down and gathering a twig to poke into a cell. Sure enough a dead larvae stuck to the stick and popped right out of the cell. “We’re lucky. This one will clear up on its own. It’s seldom serious. Unless it persists, its generally no cause for alarm or control.” Collin assured her.

“Its nice when the bees can clean up after themselves and take the most of the responsibility themselves. If we don’t need to act, that’s great. But I bet you still requeen if the disease persists because again its something with the queens hygiene right?” Kavala said, and Collin smiled and nodded.

“One thing I want you to take with you about brood diseases is that there are other forms of dead brood, Kavala. And its not always a ‘disease’ per say.”
Collin made quotes in the air as he spoke, making her smile. “Normal mortality, poisoning, weather, or even humans stealing their good land all effect it." Collin added, making sure Kavala understood it wasn't always disease.

“Oh that reminds me… chilled brood. We need to talk about this. But we can talk about it as we drive.”
Collin said, smiling. The pair hiked back to the wagon, climbed up on it, and set off again.
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Last edited by Kavala on November 4th, 2013, 6:39 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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The Sanctuary The Sanctuary Forum Riverfall The Cytali
Reverie Isle Wolf Creek Training Course
Please Note:
  • This pc is maxed out in Animal Husbandry, Medicine, Observation, Rhetoric, and Socialization.
  • Kavala a Master Teacher. Students she is teaching in thread can earn more than the maxium 5 XP per thread.
  • This pc has a Konti Gift of Animal Empathy. She has a superpower from a Riverfall city event that allows animals of all sorts and Kelvics (in kelvic form) to speak clear understandable Common around her.
  • Kavala is a Konti but was raised in the Drykas culture so her accent is entirely Pavi though she can speak Common, Pavi, and Tukant well. She's only conversational in Kontinese.
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Kavala
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Posts: 3025
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Joined roleplay: October 25th, 2009, 1:46 am
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[The Sanctuary] Bee Diseased

Postby Kavala on November 4th, 2013, 3:39 pm

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"I need to tell you about one more type of brood disorder that’s not disease related but you’ll see anyhow. I don’t have an example of it because its been so warm, but I can definitely describe it, Kavala.” Collin said. “It’s called Chillbrood. It’s a condition where some of the brood around the edges of the brood rearing area or in an isolated comb dies of neglect because there are not enough bees to feed and keep the brood warm. See when it gets cold, they cluster up and fan each other to keep the hive a nice warm temperature. But when the numbers of workers are cut down because of age and time of year, that cluster might not cover the entire brood chamber. You yourself can cause this, most beekeepers do, when they make splits at bad times or move brood comb so that it is isolated from the main brood rearing area and not properly tended. “ Collin said. Kavala nodded, picturing this and frowning.

“So do they just die? What do they actually look like after they’ve fallen to chillbrood?” She asked. Collin looked thoughtful. “Chilled brood turns gray or grayish brown and looks somewhat like Sacbrood. Dead larvae and pupae are easily removed from the comb by other workers, and you’ll see an abundance of their bodies outside the hive where the bees dump them. You know, unexpected cold weather or say a big loss of adults in some sort of wind storm while they are out foraging can also cause Chillbrood. You just don’t ever know. And you can avoid it easily enough by returning combs to the hive in the same order they were removed. Don’t keep frames out of the hive for long periods of time, and just don’t work your bees as a beekeeper when its cool out. You want it sunny and warm to get into your bee hive and work them.” Collin added.

Kavala nodded looking thoughtful. “It’s crazy how much they depend on the temperature. As beekeepers we can work our bees differently year to year dependent upon the weather. It’s never the same. Mentoring someone like me must be a hard job because you can write down instructions all you want, but you can’t really say IF THIS THEN THAT like you can in medicine. Its all a big guessing game.” Kavala said, feeling like she should be taking notes. “When we get to the next stop I want to recap in some sort of notebook everything we’ve talked about, because I don’t feel right about remembering this into tomorrow after you’ve so generously talked to me about these things.” The Konti said, carefully filing the information about Chillbrood away in her mind.

They pulled onto a small side road and drove deep into the orchard next. Collin pulled up alongside a series of five hives deeper in the midst of almond trees and Kavala hopped down. “Kavala, I want you to go look at these hives and tell me what you think.” He said, letting her observe with her own eyes.

The Konti walked forwards towards the flight line of the hive, then moved over to one side. The beehives themselves were entirely caked with streaks of bee feces and the front was littered with dead bees. She picked one up in a gloved hand and frowned at it. Fresh killed, it looked like it had a swollen abdomen. She cracked the hive open. A quick examination revealed more brood than caretakers, meaning the hive was thin with actually hatched bees compared to how much brood the hive had.

She quickly closed it up. Then she turned back to Collin, raising her eyebrows with curiosity. “It looks like they have dysentery. There’s so much feces across the hive I have no idea whats wrong. Dead bees look like they have swollen abdomens and there aren’t as many bees in the hive as there should be. It looks like the adult to brood ratio is way off.” Kavala reported, wondering if she’d missed anything.

She hadn’t. Collin smiled. “It’s Nosema. We have no idea what causes it. Sometimes it kills, but mostly it just thins the bee population and causes them to get dysentery. All five hives here have it. Now if you are familiar with it, the symptoms are as you’ve pointed out, but first and foremost the streaking of the hive wall with feces. Nosema seems to do something to the gut of the bees which results in a reduced vigor and a very short lifespan. You can loose a ton of honey if your bees acquire nosema and the disease becomes well established in an apiary.” Collin added.

Kavala nodded. She was busy taking notes in her mind, wondering if there was any way she could use her isolation lab to help figure out some of these bee diseases and what caused them. Surely there were some signs - Intestinal parasites or something. Bees just didn’t start having loss of bowel movements on their own. Something caused it, and she wanted to know.

“I’ve noticed that in the spring, the first sixty days especially, Nosema gets more severe. Then, during midsummer, it almost disappears. Then gradually in the fall, it builds up again during the winter months where it hits hard. You know bees do those cleansing flights, leaving the hive to defecate, so you can really tell in winter when nothing else is going on outside the hive except their cleansing flights. So is it that in winter, it gets really noticeable. Is it worse? I’m not sure. You can have foragers with dysentery out foraging and you wouldn’t notice, whereas cleansing flights just circle the hive, release and the bee is back inside. I suspect Nosema is just as bad in the spring as it is in the winter, though the feces aren’t concentrated then to tell us that.”
He said, looking thoughtful.

Kavala smiled, one part of her feeling odd they were having a discussion about bees and them making bodily fluid mechanics.

“No cure I take it?” Kavala asked.

“No cure.” Collin said, agreeing.
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Last edited by Kavala on November 4th, 2013, 6:42 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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The Sanctuary The Sanctuary Forum Riverfall The Cytali
Reverie Isle Wolf Creek Training Course
Please Note:
  • This pc is maxed out in Animal Husbandry, Medicine, Observation, Rhetoric, and Socialization.
  • Kavala a Master Teacher. Students she is teaching in thread can earn more than the maxium 5 XP per thread.
  • This pc has a Konti Gift of Animal Empathy. She has a superpower from a Riverfall city event that allows animals of all sorts and Kelvics (in kelvic form) to speak clear understandable Common around her.
  • Kavala is a Konti but was raised in the Drykas culture so her accent is entirely Pavi though she can speak Common, Pavi, and Tukant well. She's only conversational in Kontinese.
User avatar
Kavala
I am more than the sum of my parts.
 
Posts: 3025
Words: 3295757
Joined roleplay: October 25th, 2009, 1:46 am
Location: Riverfall
Race: Konti
Character sheet
Storyteller secrets
Scrapbook
Plotnotes
Medals: 17
Featured Thread (1) Mizahar Grader (1)
Trailblazer (2) Overlored (1)
Master Merchant (1) Donor (1)
One Thousand Posts! (1) One Million Words! (1)
Riverfall Seasonal Challenge (2) 2014 Mizahar NaNo Winner (1)

[The Sanctuary] Bee Diseased

Postby Kavala on November 4th, 2013, 5:46 pm

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They headed back towards the wagon, and Collin started talking once more. It seemed there was a lot of diseases bees could get, and most of them unfortunately, weren’t treatable by beekeepers. They could be cut off, hives burned, and sick bees isolated. But in the long run, there wasn’t much a beekeeper could do with regards to some things.

“Anything else?” Kavala asked, somewhat sober now.

Collin nodded. “There’s paralysis too. We don’t know what causes it and it seems to only attack adult bees. Affected bees appear to be weak. They tremble after the disease has them fully in its grip and then appear to get partially paralyzed. They tend to crawl slowly in front of the hive with jerky motions and then die in small clusters. You can always tell its paralysis when you pick them gently up by the wings and then drop them. Most bees will beat their wings and fly off in mid fall, but bees struck by this disease will fall to the ground instead of flying away. They look old and shiny or greasy. And if you watch the hive, the most telling point is that the normal bees in the hive tend to drive the sick bees away. It looks almost like a robbed hive would look with a battle royal going on at the hive entrance. But it’s not. It’s members driving members of their own hive away.” He said, looking sad.

Kavala nodded in sympathy. “Is there a known cause… or something similar that all the hives with Paralysis get?” She asked, her healer’s curiosity peaking.

Collin looked thoughtful and then spoke after a while. “It seems present in colonies that have been isolated from others. I don’t know the cure. One beekeeper friend of mine said that inbreeding causes it and swears that if you requeen a hive in a bee generation or two the disease is totally gone.” Kavala nodded, thinking the same thing. It had to be in the blood if it happened in isolated hives only. That meant it really wasn’t contagious between bee colonies though it could be brought in along with importing.

“Interesting. As a healer, I might start studying some of these diseases. But I’d need access to these sick colonies and a way to keep them out of my colonies. It bears some thought for sure.” Kavala said, her mind already working.

The beekeeper with her laughed abruptly. “Why do you think I’m out here teaching you all this? One of the orchard masters actually point out that if I was supplying the animal healer with bees the animal healer should in fact be working on the animal diseases these creatures get. We depend on them so heavily, Kavala, for Riverfall’s success. It’s not just the wine. It’s the entire food crop. And without them, we wouldn’t eat. It’s just that simple. With a city our size, hunting is not an option. We’d exhaust the plains around us. Instead we must produce crops and trade. There is just no choice. So that’s where you come in. I hope you will consider looking at these diseases and even at the pests for some extent. Any bit of prevention or cure we can find will help.” He said nodding at the hives they passed.

Eventually they made it back to the wagon, climbed in, and were off again.

“Is there anything else we need to know? I mean disease wise?”
Kavala asked, knowing they were going to talk about pests next. Collin looked thoughtful and took a long time to answer.

“There are two more conditions that you need to know about, but they aren’t diseases per say. They are known things among beekeepers and things you yourself need to know. In many cases we don’t know the why of it, but we do know it exists. The first is Dysentery. This is different than nosema. Nosema spreads like wildfire, so we suspect its something like a cold among people or maybe even a parasite to the bee that’s too small for us to see. Dysentery is different. It is caused by poor quality in the winter stores and prolonged confinement during winter due to cold weather. Its absolutely curable and predictable. Honeydew, apple, and other fruit juices, and a few types of honey encourage the development of dysentery. You can expect, bet money on it Kavala, that if bees are confined eight weeks or longer, dysentery will develop. You’ll see excessive streaking and spotting of feces at the entrances or even on the tops of combs and frames inside of the hives. It doesn’t seem to have a cure, but you can prevent it by providing the bees with good quality honey for winter.”
He said.

Kavala looked thoughtful. “So if you can somehow warm the area the bees are in and provide them with a covered spot to do a cleansing flight, then you can usually always prevent dysentery yourself.” She said, not really a question, just more like thinking aloud.

Collin nodded. “In your case with six hives, you can do that. But in my case with thousands, I cannot. So I have to pray to Zulrav for good weather that will give the chance for the bees to get outside, cleanse, and be more fit than they usually do because they aren’t sitting around in a cluster.” Collin said, smiling at Kavala. The healer saw right then the advantage of not having so many hives that she couldn’t treat each one as an individual with individual needs. Collin needed his operation, but she did not. All she needed was a few bees to pollinate her gardens.

“You said there were two more things?”
She asked, for the life of her not able to picture what they hadn’t talked about. But he had said there was one other issue.

Collin nodded.

“Poisoning. Many gardeners apply things to their plants that are harmful to bees. Some of them are the most outrageous things as well. You never know what someone is going to put out. People want to kill grass, people want to kill aphids, people want to kill rodents. Anything they put out that can poison a pest of any kind can poison a bee. And they use all sorts of things. Philterers are the worst, always coming up with new mixes of poison. Poisoncrafters work extremely hard and often supplement their income by developing poisons for gardeners to kill rats or gophers. Evne folks with in side homes don’t like this. And frankly Kavala, anything that can make you sick can make your bees sick.” Collin said, nodding his head firmly.

“What does a poisoned bee look like?”
Kavala asked, wondering what the signs and symptoms were.

“Well, often times you won’t see them. They will just fly out in the morning, get into a poison, and not come back. If you cant see them return, because they die in the field, you’ll never know whats going on and why your hive is loosing members and vanishing. That runs the risk of the rest of the bees in the colony – the nurse ones that don’t fly – will just suddenly start starving. But if they do make it back, they often have enlarged abdomens, and show signs of being partly paralyzed. There’s nothing we can do for a poisoned bee… nor a poisoned colony. Some of them work that way, and the bees come back and bring the poison to the colony, thus killing it.” Collin said, looking unhappy about the whole situation.

“So if you knew someone was spraying something or spreading chemical in the ground, you could move your colony. But that’s about the only thing you could actually do?”
Kavala said, trying to find a way to see past the seemingly dark side of poisoncrafting. Collin nodded.

“Yes, move them. That’s it. Now we can talk about pests.” Collin said as he pulled the wagon up against the orchard shed and sort houses near his office. Kavala shook her head though.

“No no, you are going to loan me some paper and ink so I can take some notes on this! I don’t want to forget” Kavala said softly, fiercely, a grin on her face. “Especially if you want me to start studying some of these diseases and finding out what makes them tick.” She said, hopping down.

“I have some in my office. We can go make you a list and see what can be done to keep your memory fresh about all this. Then will we be talking about pests.” Collin said, poking Kavala in the shoulder as he let her into his office and got out the paper and ink. It came in the form of a blank journal which he said was an extra and gave Kavala the book, the ink, and let her know she could just bring him a fresh one next time she came to visit. With that, the Konti sat down to write.
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The Sanctuary The Sanctuary Forum Riverfall The Cytali
Reverie Isle Wolf Creek Training Course
Please Note:
  • This pc is maxed out in Animal Husbandry, Medicine, Observation, Rhetoric, and Socialization.
  • Kavala a Master Teacher. Students she is teaching in thread can earn more than the maxium 5 XP per thread.
  • This pc has a Konti Gift of Animal Empathy. She has a superpower from a Riverfall city event that allows animals of all sorts and Kelvics (in kelvic form) to speak clear understandable Common around her.
  • Kavala is a Konti but was raised in the Drykas culture so her accent is entirely Pavi though she can speak Common, Pavi, and Tukant well. She's only conversational in Kontinese.
User avatar
Kavala
I am more than the sum of my parts.
 
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[The Sanctuary] Bee Diseased

Postby Kavala on November 4th, 2013, 7:02 pm

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Kavala took advantage of Collin’s office and his workspace. She sat down, opened the blank book, and began to write. It was important for her to keep good notes and have records. Anything could happen to the expert sharing this information with her. And if he didn’t leave any sort of written record of his knowledge or pass it down to his students, then he wasn’t really going to make a difference after he was dead. And it wasn’t that Collin had a short life expectancy or anything. Kavala just felt that times were rough and people died. They died a lot, fast, and unexpectedly. That was why it was important to get what they knew down on paper.

She quickly wrote:

BROOD DISEASES AND CONDITIONS


FOULBROOD
Presentation: A contagious, virulent, and persistent disease strikes young larva and immature bees just after the cells have been capped. Presents as a scattering of open cells that have dark capping that are sunken and perforated. They have a foul smell that is worse than the rottenest rot. Advanced stages cause cells to sink down and form a scale at the bottom of the cell that adult bees cannot remove. When a lance is inserted into the cell, a string of decayed matter will pull out attached to the lance for one or two inches before it releases in a messy glop and splatters on frame. Highly contagious. Use extreme caution when encountering.
Prognosis: Young developing bees die. Adults are unaffected but no subsequent generation will be born unaffected.
Treatment: Destruction of the colony through fire and burial of remains of the fire. Do not reuse equipment.


Kavala glanced up at Collin. “This right?” She asked, adding in the adults are unaffected part at his direction. Then she continued her list when he nodded his approval.

BROOD DISEASES AND CONDITIONS




CHALKBROOD
Presentation: Fungal disease that strikes the comb and kills brood. Affected brood dries down and is mummified. The larva and juice in the cell turn chalk white while they are infected and black when they die. Persistent when temperature drops and the moisture levels stay high within the hive.
Prognosis: Rare in hives and no more than 5-10% of the brood is effected.
Treatment: No cure. Remove dead bees and requeen the hive. If possible replace the whole comb where the bees are infected and burn. Make sure the hive has good drainage and ventilation so the moisture can be cut down within the hive.

SACBROOD
Presentation: When infected, the disease causes the larva to turn grey then black, even sometimes grayish brown. The outer two or three segments of the dead larvae often rise a little and become dark grey while the parts deeper in the cell are a whiter grey. The skin of the larvae gets really tough while the inside of the larvae become granular and watery. Bees can easily remove these dead larvae as well as beekeepers can to examine the symptoms.
Prognosis: Not serious. Bees will clean out Sacbrood themselves.
Treatment: If persistent, requeen because a new queen might force the hive into better hygiene.

CHILLBROOD
Presentation: Weather/Temperature related condition where some of the brood around the edges of the brood area die because of neglect and cold. Chillbrood turns gray or grasih brown and looks something like Sacrood. Dead larve and pupae are easily removed by the workers and bodies will liter the ground outside of the hive.
Prognosis: High Mortality. Very serious.
Treatment: Make sure frames are tightly packed and that a brood pattern hasn’t been moved out of the reach of the cluster during the winter. Don’t handle frames, don’t break into the hive during cold weather, and set out extra protection for hive boxes when storms are coming such as wind breaks and protection from snow.

NOSEMA
Presentation: Presents with a streaking of the hive walls with feces. Dead bees have swollen abdomens and the hive feels empty. Appears to be like dysentery, though treatments for dysentery aren’t effective. Gets severe in the spring during the first sixty days and then falls off during midsummer. Gradually in the fall it builds up again during the winter months where it hits hard.
Prognosis: Very weak hives, heavy losses.
Treatment: None. Requeen if possible.

PARALYSIS
Presentation: Affected bees appear weak, trembling, and appear to get partially paralyzed. They tend to crawl slowly and use jerky motions. They die in small clusters and if picked up by the wings and dropped, they will not fly away, but instead will fall to their deaths. Healthy bees will attempt to drive unhealthy bees out so as to appear the hive is being robbed and a battle is going on for that. Beekeepers suggested this condition happens in isolated hives that are inbred.
Prognosis: Rare but fatal.
Treatment: Requeen.

DYSENTARY
Presentation: Different than Nosema, this condition manifests in the situation of poor winter stores and prolonged confinement during winter and cold weather. Honeydew, apple, and other fruit juices and a few types of honey can encourage this disorder. Its always manifesting in winter when bees cannot leave their hives to do cleansing flights. One will see excessive streaking and spotting of feces at the entrance. Often the tops of combs and frames will be covered with feces as well.
Prognosis: Curable and predictable.
Treatment: Provide good quality stores to feed, 2:1 sugar water and pollen packs as supplemental feeding. Provide cover shelter above the hives so that bees can do cleansing flights in wet weather without getting killed by raindrops. Heat sources and locations of hives to optimize winter warmth helps tremendously.

POISONING
Presentation: Missing bees, for often they die away from the hive. Large die offs in front of the hives. They often have enlarged abdomens and often present signs of being partially paralyzed.
Prognosis: Often fatal.
Treatment: Keep hives away from potential sources of poison. There is no way to un-poison them or make them healthy. So poisoned hives can spread poison to humans in the form of honey stores. Its best to avoid poison if at all possible and keep hives safe from the possibility of being poisoned.


Kavala then set her quill aside and had Collin read all she had written.

"Did I miss anything?" She asked.

He ran his hand down the page, asked her to add some notations here and there, but otherwise was quick to smile and agree. “Very good. Now are you ready to work with pests? I think often pests, especially mites, effect honeybees more than disease. But both of them you will run across, however pests you can utterly and unequivocally control, IF you know how.” He said with a smile, glad he started with disease and was going to end on a more positive note.

Continued in:
Bee A Pest
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The Sanctuary The Sanctuary Forum Riverfall The Cytali
Reverie Isle Wolf Creek Training Course
Please Note:
  • This pc is maxed out in Animal Husbandry, Medicine, Observation, Rhetoric, and Socialization.
  • Kavala a Master Teacher. Students she is teaching in thread can earn more than the maxium 5 XP per thread.
  • This pc has a Konti Gift of Animal Empathy. She has a superpower from a Riverfall city event that allows animals of all sorts and Kelvics (in kelvic form) to speak clear understandable Common around her.
  • Kavala is a Konti but was raised in the Drykas culture so her accent is entirely Pavi though she can speak Common, Pavi, and Tukant well. She's only conversational in Kontinese.
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Kavala
I am more than the sum of my parts.
 
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[The Sanctuary] Bee Diseased

Postby Taylani on November 13th, 2013, 5:46 am

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Kavala
Skills :
+5 Beekeeping
+4 Interrogation
+1 deduction
+1 Organization

Lores :
Without Bees Riverfall will starve
Beekeeping: Bees are lazy, will steal from diseased hives
Beekeeping: Unwise to reuse equipment

Beekeeping: FoulBrood Disease that kills larvae and immature bees
Bees have tongues
Foulbrood might harm people too.
Burning things helps prevent spread of disease.
Beekeeping: Chalkbrood a fungus of the comb.
Chalkbrood is rare that more than 5-10% of brood is affected.
Beekeeping: Sacbrood, less contagious then foulbrood.
Beekeeping: Chillbrood can be cause of the beekeeper
Beekeeping: So much depends on temperature
Good to be an Animal Healer working on sick bees.
Beekeeping: Poisoning happens often when gardeners apply things that are harmful to bees.




Notes :
Ok first off I gave you interrogation points because Kavala asked informative questions for the precise purpose of getting answers and not just furthering conversation. I also gave you organization points for the notes Kavala took because I couldn’t think of a good name for a note taking skill. So I figured she is organizing the information. It seemed too nice of a thing to ignore and not reward points for. I am laughing at the thought of tiny little bee tongues…but I have to say I had to really stop myself from granting a lore called “Bee Diarrhea”.. Please PM me if you have any concerns about your grade and don’t forget to delete/edit your grade request


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Taylani
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